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Rise and Fall of the Gurus

Rise and Fall of the Gurus

A prudent speculator never argues with the tape. Markets are never wrong, opinions often are.
— Jesse Livermore

This will be part one of a two part write up.

I made a comment during the midst of all this recent market "madness" that if your favorite "Market Guru"/"Trader" was something like a personal trainer 15 months ago, you should probably reevaluate who you are following. Though, in part, I did it for the joke the underlying theme remains.

As the cliche goes, "a rising tide lifts all boats." For the last 16 months we've all been "privileged" to see all sorts of rafts get lifted. Between the stock market and crypto nerds everyone everywhere has become an "overnight success" and more importantly a "guru." 

I want to start this post by emphasizing that I in no way shape or form consider myself a "guru." In fact, I abhor the term. I find it to be lazy, self-congratulatory, and most importantly just plain ignorant. During my 13 year trading career, I've found the most effective way to trade any market condition is to approach trading with a "risk management" point of view. If you know what you are willing to lose before you enter a trade along with the most you're willing to lose in a day/week/month/quarter/year, you can survive in this game. Secondarily, I want to stress, it's okay to be wrong. It's also okay to not know what's going on. The sidelines are your friend and cash is in fact a position. If you are able to avoid large drawdowns (for the most part) you will survive. 


Alpha Break


During the last 16 months traders, investors, and pretenders alike have been rewarded handsomely for buying nearly any dip in nearly any asset class. The recent narrative will tell you that investors have been making a killing by selling the VXX/VIX and puts while buying dips in assets. This compression has suppressed volatility and has kept the steady stair step higher going. During that same time, a resurgence of "Andy Zaky's" has emerged. Dudes that were once driving for Uber, working as personal trainers, school teachers, and even police officers were minted into "experts" over night.

If you are not familiar, Andy Zaky is a "former AAPL wonder-kid" with no formal training of any kind. The quick back story goes something like this; Zaky was an AAPL fan boy during it's original meteoric rise who started writing about the issue who lost nearly $10,000,000 for investors around 2012. 

Zaky grew his notoriety as he AAPL's stock rose early on. As he ramped up his price targets his "genius" inflated along with the stock price. However, like most "gurus", as the stock eventually waned and broke trend, so did his genius. Sadly, he cost investors millions as he pumped more and more money into more and more calls that subsequently ended up worthless. 

That's usually how it goes for most people, and specifically, most "gurus". As markets are in bull mode, 70% of all stocks are tied directly to the overall index. When individuals are able to identify the leaders in this bull market scenario, they are able to enhance their reputation simply by consistently announcing "BTFD" at any major support trend. As the rally continues, they are made to look like superstars. 

Unfortunately for them however, this sheepish behavior destroys winnings significantly faster as markets start to turn. As evidenced by this week, more often than not, the decays happen suddenly and without warning. "Traders" that have been conditioned to buy dips get buried quickly as support levels crumble while large institutional investors look to lock in their profits. These "traders" they find themselves struggling to get a grip of the madness that is about to bestow upon them. 

We saw this dynamic play out during the last year. Dips were swallowed by dip buyers as the VIX was choked down. Every dip was bought and every Tom, Dick, and Harry was a newly found "expert" in trend analysis and stock trading. This phenomenon was on display in full effect during the Bitcoin mania. Every other idiot I encountered was quitting their day job to "trade cryptos" while they told me how THIS is going to be how they make a fortune. Fewer than 10% of them however (yes I fact checked my sample) even knew a damn thing about the crypto market (outside of the term bitcoin) before things already went into parabolic mode. 

As reality came crashing back down, so did those profits. Every "boy genius" that was telling you "Bitcoin to $13000!" on the way up was getting awfully quiet, or worse, louder. Now they're coming to terms that they can't pay their bills in cryptos and the catch 22 that we were telling them about as things were going up is still very real:

"You're making claims that this new 'currency' will replace the currency you need to actually use in reality. You need to cash out to be able to realize your gains. You also need cash to drive the price of cryptos higher." 

Unfortunately for most who got into the game late, they're f'd. Cryptos are hanging by a thread and in a downtrend. This is still without the downward momentum kicking in. 

I dont bring this up to bash anyone who loves cryptos. In fact I think their utility will in fact change the world. I only bring this up to draw on a more important point. 

EXPERTS IN UP MARKETS ARE BULLSHIT. 

If we use the Bitcoin phenomenon as a primary example, everyone, and I mean everyone, was making boatloads of cash on the way up. Everyone was telling you how great they were at picking "the next hot crypto" and everyone was reminding you that "This is the new paradigm that will change your life." The sad reality however, it's very easy to look very smart in a bull market. It's incredibly hard to do it in a bearish one. 


De Ja Vu


The above This isn't the first example of this that I've seen. When I first started trading in the early 2000's I saw this same phenomenon with the housing market. I went to Uni in Florida and saw first hand how insane it really was. I remember trying to be "the guy that warned others" about the soon to come downfall and being hated. The sobering reality came quick and unlike when you're right about a stock, being right didn't feel good. I noticed that the same pundits that were on CNBC telling people "It will be okay!" were still manning their posts. They were able to be a talking head, be fraudulently wrong, and still be the "voice of reason" after the fact. (see video below) HOW THE FUCK IS THAT POSSIBLE?

So is the above an anomaly?

I wanted to dive a little deeper into the "guru" phenomenon and see if the Zaky thing was an "isolated event" or in fact if it's just an aggregate extreme of a larger issue. After a couple of searches I was able to find that More often than not, gurus are incorrect. Specifically, on average, the cumulative accuracy across all forecasts sits at ~47%. While thats bad in and of itself, the accuracy distribution points to even more crappy predictions. (Source: https://www.cxoadvisory.com/gurus/)

Looking at the above information, it only confirms what most people believe in the first place. "Gurus" aren't better at their job than you can be. Hell, most of them don't even bat 50%. 


TAKEAWAYS


The important takeaway from all this is not to trust any one man or woman for results. Trust the homework. Secondarily, and more importantly, knowing your risk appetite is really the only way to ensure you can survive in any market condition. There are times when you should be aggressive, there are times when you should be very aggressive, and then there are times when you should be neutral. Don't be afraid to say you are wrong early and wait for conditions to work themselves out before getting back in. 

Congrats on making it through a very volatile Q1!

At a Crossroad 4/25 Weekly Setups and Preview

At a Crossroad 4/25 Weekly Setups and Preview

With poor earnings from $V $SBUX $GOOGL/$GOOG and $MSFT, the market had every reason to let the bottom fall out and collapse on Friday. Though we started lower, we ended the day slightly in the positive for the S&P 500. The Q's took it early but finished moderately lower. The A/D line continues to broaden and the market continues to catch a bid. Unlike the last couple of years, the broader market participation has been stellar and it seems every couple of weeks there is a rotation into a new group. The main focal point on Friday was the IWM which ended firmly in the green. Until this musical chairs of money rotation ends, there is no reason to believe that the bears have any semblance of control. There are two levels of support currently where dip buyers step in. Near the 9 and the 20MA's. It's important that the momentum continues and the market continues to churn higher as we've broken our downtrends (for now).


RAILS

Entire sector is seeing strength and is reversing its downtrend.

CP

Flagging at its downtrend line and at resistance.

UNP

Broke monthly downtrend and breaking into resistance.

KSU


TSLA

TSLA Flagging into support. 20D better hold. 

Bull Flag, multi-day consolidation.

FEYE

Flagging and ready to break out.

Ready to rip


BIOS

All bio ETF's are ready to rip and some have started to move. 

LABU IBB XBI JUNO CELG AMGN GILD


WLL

Basing for a breakout.

Basing for a breakout

QCOM

"Poor" earnings results but found support and bounced.

Breakout looming

Big Blue ($IBM #Earnings Preview)

Big Blue ($IBM #Earnings Preview)

Q4 Recap: IBM beat on Q4 non-GAAP EPS of $4.84 vs the $4.81 Capital IQ Consensus and reported revenues in-line at $22.06 bln.

Easy as ABC

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Easy as ABC

Successful trading is always an emotional battle for the speculator, not an intelligent battle.
— Jesse Livermore

Alphabet, GOOG/GOOGL, just reported a beat in its most recent ER report and currently trades as the largest market cap company in the world today. This comes on the heels of a Facebook report that just crushed it, and an Amazon report that likely had Jeff Bezos silent for once. With that said, it's all systems go for the GOOG and it appears that their addition of Ruth Porat has changed the company's culture and impression on wall street to an "adult company." 

Here are the #'s:

Alphabet beats by $0.58, beats on revs  (752.00 +9.05)

  • Reports Q4 (Dec) earnings of $8.67 per share, $0.58 better than expected of $8.09; revenues rose 18.5% year/year to $21.33 bln vs the $20.76 bln Capital IQ Consensus.

Aggregate paid clicks- Q4 +31%; Q3 +22.8%:

  • Paid Clicks on Google websites- Q4 +40%; Q3 +35%.
  • Paid clicks on member sites- Q4 +2%; Q3 -5%.

Aggregate cost per click- Q4 -13%; Q3 -11%:

  • CPC on Google sites- Q4 -16%; Q3 -16%.
  • CPC on member sites- Q4 -8%; Q3 -4%.

Revenue Segments:

  • Google Website revenue +20% y/y
  • Google Network Member websites +7% y/y
  • Google Advertising +17% y/y
  • Google Other Revenues +24% y/y
  • Operating Expense as % of revenue 36% compared to 37% in prior year
  • Free Cash Flow $4.31 bln compared to $2.81 bln in prior year
  • TAC As a % of revenue 21% compared to 22% in prior year

This company just flexed its muscle and showed Wall Street (again) that it's not just some gimmick internet clicks company that can't turn profits. Furthermore, even at it's current valuation, the stock trades cheap ~20x forward and could create further room to the upside. 

Investors continue to be rewarded for quality in the market even after wild swings that yield negative short term performance. 

With its trend lines in tact, the measured move on this one suggest a 909 price target. 


EXPECTATIONS


Even after a monster quarter by Facebook last week and the bar being set high, Alphabet was able to briskly hop over the expectations and deliver. An example of this is aggregate paid clicks which destroyed the streets estimates:  (Aggregate paid clicks- Q4 +31%; Q3 +22.8%)

So what now for the stock? In the trade report put out yesterday we called for a +7% move in GOOG/GOOGL and a +$55 move in the issue. We were also long the weekly 760 C from last Wednesday and Next week 840/842.5 C. 

I'd be a little surprised if this issue pressed like FB did. With market breadth nearing the top of a range and with this stock now the biggest market cap in the world, the law of large numbers does take effect at some point. On a longer time frame however I believe the trend is your friend and this company's new discipline and stellar performance should continue. 

 

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    Red State

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    Red State

    Don’t trust your own opinion and always back your judgment until the action of the market confirms your theory.
    — Jesse Livermore

    AS I write this U.S. index futures are getting obliterated. This comes in tandem of China's weaker yuan that has since created a rout in their equities just days before their Chinese New Year. This tumble has triggered their circuit breakers for the second time this week. 

    The ES_F index is down a little over 1% to 1961 on the lows. That's nothing in comparison to what's happening in China though where the Chinese stock exchanges shut down shop less than a half hour after they opened after the CSI 300 Index obliterated more 7% triggering another circuit breaker event. 

    The catalyst for the selloff in Asia comes after China's central bank cut its daily reference rate more than any other time since August. China's signaling to the rest of the world that they've got an increased threshold to do what it takes to shore up their weakening economic growth. 


    JENGA

    China puts everyone else on edge Jenga style.


    We've seen an accelerated retreat from risky assets to start the new year. With the riskiest equities taking it on the chin first. The index as a whole has already seen a 2.4% haircut and will presumably end the day and week lower than that. 

    This is a classic real life scenario of the popular game Jenga. With different blocks coming off the whole group one by one. Unlike Jenga however, we don't actually need to see these blocks come down. Financial markets are operating in fear that the yuan's sharp depreciation may only accelerate, which would signal that China's economy is even weaker than everyone believed. If that's the case we could see a spark of another wave of devaluations around all of Asia and in other key countries/economies. 

    With Wall Street closing at three month lows on steady volume, the signal is clear. Risk aversion is on the board. Asset managers are getting out of the riskiest assets and avoiding another shoe dropping on them. This risk aversion was only amplified by the overnight plummeting price of oil and the geopolitical concerns behind North Korea's nuclear test on Wednesday evening. And now we get this shit. Fuckin' China. 


    LINES


    Let's take a look at some levels. 

    SPX has been in a downtrend on the daily. 1973ish and 1954ish are the next lines int he sand. 

    Above you we see the S&P 500 levels and downtrend on a daily basis. Below we'll see it on a weekly basis. 

    SPX weekly


    DOWN DOWN DOWN


    With all the turmoil and an absence of buyers in the market the bias remains to the downside. And with uncertainty as to how levered banks are and the level of exposure they may be facing when oil companies start going down this makes for a very troubled market situation. As I stated in the first post of the new year, the catastrophes that may lay buried underneath the oil madness are uncertain as of now and we should not try to pick bottoms. With a hint today that levels of credit default swaps in oil backed securities possibly being so high in some companies that bankruptcies and failures are nearly imminent, it goes without saying, get the fuck out the way. 

    It is quite obvious beyond that rhetoric that in some cases a chase for performance and growth may continue so it is my bias that we continue to trade opportunities to the long side as they present themselves while maintaining a downward bias. 

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    Stick to the Plan

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    Stick to the Plan

    Start at Stop: Form a Plan

    The only thing to do when a person is wrong is to be right, by ceasing to be wrong. Cut your losses quickly, without hesitation. Don’t waste time. When a stock moves below a mental-stop, sell it immediately.
    — Jesse Livermore

    You're probably here because you want to make money in the stock market. You might be someone who is new to trading, someone who's been trading for a while and wants to get better, someone who thinks the market is rigged, someone who is bored and doesn't want to trade on their own, someone who is at their wits end with the market etc etc. Whatever the reason is that brought you here today, if there is one thing that you take away from this site please let it be this -- Form a plan and stick to it.

    Let's run an experiment. Close your eyes and think of the last person you spoke to about the stock market that isn't an active trader/investor. What was the first thing they asked when you told that person about the market or a trade you took? Almost all of you probably thought "How much can I make?" That comment is so unbelievably common it almost always makes me chuckle. That comment is why I wanted to start here, at the very beginning. 

    Most people who fail when it comes to investing/trading do so because they lack focus and conviction in their plan. Whether it's not knowing your setup, not trusting your setup, or just plain old greed, lacking a plan or not sticking to one will almost always ruin you as a trader/investor. Having a plan is so important that I felt it must be addressed at the very top. Having a plan is the fundamental backbone to investing/trading. It is something that anyone can do, even if they have no stock market experience. 

    You might be asking yourself "How do I form a plan if I don't know anything about the stock market?" Ah, that's simple, by using a stop loss.

    • Stop Loss:  In simple terms, a stop loss is your emergency exit strategy. It's the absolute maximum you are willing to lose on a trade/investment that you place. 

    The most common mistake I see from new and seasoned investors alike is not respecting their stops, or worse, not having one. Even more troubling, and like the experiment we ran at the top, many who are new to investing (or worse some who have been doing it for years) think in terms of what their profit will be prior to entering a trade, rather than what they could possibly lose. This is a fool's mindset. The key to investment/trading is capital preservation. You simply cannot preserve your capital if you do not know what you can possibly lose. 

    So if you take nothing away from this post, or any other post in the future, please take the following away; Always know what you are willing to lose before you enter a trade. Always know your breaking point. 

    That simple rebalance of your thought process will set you apart from most investors/traders and put you on the path to success. 

     

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    Threading the Needle

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    Threading the Needle

    It is not good to be too curious about all the reasons behind price movements.
    — Jesse Livermore

    Like many, I spent a part of my weekend keeping tabs on what was going on in Paris. I tried my best to avoid 3rd part media outlets and tried to stick to raw data from a Reddit thread a friend of mine passed on to me. Going into Friday my bias was to the downside and with relentless selling pressure and support broken on Friday in SPX I saw no reason for that downside pressure to cease. 

    So with the news of a terror attack shortly after the market closed on Friday it was no surprise that stock futures accelerated their declines. And when they closed for the remainder of the weekend at 8pm on Friday, the markets were hinged on just how bad the news would be from Paris. Two days of pins and needles. When they finally reopened Sunday night those wanted to panic did. And with that sudden and slight panic we tested the 2000 support level on SPX and found support there. Monday's session followed this lead and the markets continued in uptrend fashion "business as usual." 

    Personally, I am not a fan of trying to find trades that require precise entries. I prefer broader time frame breakouts/breakdowns and find painting with a broader brush to provide the optimal risk reward for success. Monday's tape however provided great opportunity for "bottom fishing." Specifically with AMZN. 

    AMZN's stock just came off nearly a 10% decline from its all time high just this past Thursday. The issue was trading off nearly 53 points in just 1.5 sessions. This decline landed the stock near some critical support and gave us an entry opportunity. Again, I am typically the type of trader that finds broad based breakouts and breakdowns on multiple time frames, but could not resist an opportunity like this. I want to quickly assess the psychology of the trade and give a frame of reference to it for future potential finds like it. 

    AMZN 4 H.png

    If we take a look at both the daily and weekly charts for AMZN we notice that there is support near the 620 level on the issue. Furthermore, if we take a look at the 4 hour chart we see a solid trend line in tact and both support and 50 day support lined up again near 620. With this information, I assessed how the stock would behave on a five minute basis (MOMO) intraday chart. 

    AMZN 5 Min.png

    As we can clearly see on the five minute chart, the issue found its support around 620 as we'd hoped. Specifically we saw three hammers on the five minute followed by higher lows and higher highs. Though our exact target of 620 was not necessarily tagged, that level was in fact tested and did in fact hold. That presented us with a beautiful combination of an opportunity. 

    The following combination is what I'd like to highlight:

    -Approximate 10% retrace from ATH in just two sessions 

    -Wildly "oversold" conditions both in the market itself and in the issue

    -Multiple time frame support alignment

    -Multiple hammers against multiple support levels. 

    With that said, each one of these indicators alone would present for a good opportunity to the long side. Combined they presented a great combination for a very well defined trade. Moving forward, we are now able to see what sort of potential a trade like this may have. 

     

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    Red Handed Denial

    Comment

    Red Handed Denial

    We want to perceive ourselves as winners, but successful traders are always focusing on their losses.
    — Peter Borish

    I want to start by saying that even with today's nonsense I walked away from the table with a significantly profitable day. Not Wall Street billionaire or Oprah Winfrey Weight Watchers big, but big nonetheless. 

    I have been a trader in some capacity, whether amateur or professional, for over nine years now. In my time I've survived some crazy upswings and some violent turmoil. I've seen companies implode and others sustain astronomical gains. I've watched as CNBC has recycled and churned their fair share of pundits and "hot shots." Like all "viewers" I have my fair share of likes and dislikes, I've ridden the wave of "Fuck you Uncle Carl" to "Holy shit, uncle Carl!", and have watched the totem pole of the "Hot new hedge fund king" get churned. 

    With all that said, I've never seen anyone cross the airwaves (including Dan Nathan himself) in such privileged pejorative guile anywhere close to that of William "Bill" Ackman. Aside from his self absorbed attitude where even his billionaire peers hate his guts, I cannot recollect an instance in the last three years plus where that guy has been significantly right on anything. When I pour through his bio, I can't see anything really that screams "Brilliant" when it comes to trading or investing. I guess the MBIA thing maybe, yeah, maybe? 10% stake in Target? Well I guess if you have that kind of cash, yeah sure. The Barnes & Noble deal? Lol, really? That's all you got?

    Before I go any further I want to take a moment and show a two graphs. I also want to remind everyone that no one individual is bigger than the tape. No matter what sort of self righteous  Napoleon complex exists with them, they are just minnow in an ocean of whales. 

    Bubble Phases

    Bubble Phases

    These are the well known, repeated, and outlined phases of any stock market bubble and crash. 


    VRX


    VRX Weekly

    If you lay VRX over the phases of a bubble what do you get?

    Fucking perfection. 


    Dear Bill, you privileged narcissistic asshole, you are fucking wrong. Admit it, move on.

    The fun thing about the market is that even when you are right, but not right with the timing, you will go broke before you are actually right. I get it, you grew up in a privileged New York Real Estate family and are accustomed to hanging around people that were not on your level. But Billy, this is like the time where you bet your dad you'll get an 800 on your SAT. Except this time, your dad can't let you off the hook and you're fucking with other people's money. Not just your own. This isn't

    Oh and Billy, take it from a guy who actually got a perfect test score and is used to being "The smartest guy in the room" (even with you in it). Doubling down on monopoly money at the tail end of a QE cycle is just lunacy. Especially when shit is broken. You might as well head to vegas "Playar." 

    Based on nothing more than your arrogance I hope to God you're wrong and this VRX is Enron 2.0. Just so I can stop hearing about you and your self adoration. 

    Aside from all this, I am just unsure how long this will last before people start to investigate if you're running a Ponzi Scheme the likes of which has not been seen since Bernie. Seriously, how is anyone as wrong as often as you are without any severe setbacks? Tick tock Billy, tick tock. 

    Currently NO POSITION in VRX.

     

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    Life "Support" - Part 1

    Life "Support" - Part 1

    Markets can remain irrational longer than you can remain solvent.
    — John Maynard Keynes

    I'd like for you to read the quote at the top of the page and let it soak in. Take a few moments and read it over and over and out loud if you have to so that you can become a believer in that statement. There is no greater cause for money lost than conviction in the wrong direction. This post goes hand in hand with the first post of this thread "Stick to the Plan." 

    The purpose of this post is to reassure you that neither I, nor you, nor your mom, nor your best friend, nor Goldman Sachs, nor the Market Maker, nor Warren Fucking Buffett know where the market will ultimately go. We have our charts, our technical analysis, our valuations, and we play the odds but ultimately that is all we are doing -- playing odds in our favor. 

    The stock market's prices are strictly an indication of future value based on speculation. As such, the "game" of speculation is determined based on future favor. Simply put, an equity's price is basically what people are willing to pay for it now  based on where think the company's value will go later. That said, how is a stock's price often determined? Let's address this below. 

    People often mistake a company's market cap as the value of the company. That is not only wrong, but it will certainly mislead you into believing a company is good/bad depending on its size. A company's market cap is simply the total dollar value of a company's outstanding number of shares. In layman terms, market cap is the total number of shares a company has x the stock price. 

    • Market Cap Example: Company A has 500 shares available for sale at $2.00/share. Company A's Market Cap is $1000.00.


    So what's the point? Why does any of this even f'ng matter? 


    The point of this is to remind you that when you're wrong (you being everyone, myself included) you need to admit defeat quickly and get out of your false assessment. Markets move irrationally, and when that irrational behavior takes over against you, it will cost you more than you'd typically imagine. I will highlight this irrational behavior below with several examples, some present and some from previous days. To start, I will highlight the craziest one of them all -- the Tulips. 


    TULIP0MANIA


    For those of you who don't know, Tulip Mania or Tulipomania was a period during the Dutch Golden Age where in 1593 tulips (yes the flower) was brought over to Holland from Turkey. They started off as a novelty and the flower quickly became sought after and ultimately pricey. Fast forward a bit and the flowers contracted a virus called mosaic that didn't kill the flower, but instead changed them causing "flames" of color to appear on the flower petals. This made the flowers more "rare" and "unique" flowers. This ultimately drove the price of the flowers through the roof. The flowers were subsequently priced based on how their virus alterations were valued, or desired. Seriously, people were putting different prices on the same flower because they thought one was more valuable than the other. Soon after, everyone began "dealing in bulbs" and boom a speculative tulip market was created and believed to have no limits. 

    Bulb buyers (the garden centers of the past) soon started to fill up inventories for the growing season. This only limited the supply further and increased the demand and "scarcity" of the tulip.


    That's when supply and demand took over and irrational exuberance set in.  


    Prices started rising so fast and high that people were selling and trading their land, life savings, and their loved ones (joking here... I think) so they can get their hands on more tulips. 

    Now if you think I sound like I'm crazy you're right. I sound like I'm fucking nuts. But sadly I'm not, and I'm not making it up either. That really happened. So how high do you think the cost of a tulip bulb went in the 1600's? 

    • $20?

    • $30?

    • $50?

    I wish it stopped there. 

    Prices moved nearly 20-fold in a month in an already insanely overpriced market. At it's manic peak, an average bulb could be sold for 160-200 Guilders.  


     

    Put into perspective at today's prices, tulip bulbs (even the bad ones) sold between $48,000 and $64,000.


    Tulip prices From November 12 1636-May 1 1637.

    The point I'd like for you to take away from this is that markets set themselves. Let your positions run as long as you can afford to, respect your stops, and never think you won't have another opportunity like this again. It takes two sides to make a market and in doing so the market is always binary and always wins. Secondarily, whether it’s tulip bulbs, houses, .com stocks, crypto assets, or any other future novelty that will come; this shit is nothing new. It is all the same. The intrinsic value of whatever asset you hold is determined based on the scarcity of the supply and the perceived value at any given time. With any asset or store of monetary value there is always an inflection point where the risk paradigm skews in favor of releasing the “asset” and returning to “cash.” Cash here is in quotation marks to account for the different permutations of “cash” that have existed and will exist throughout time.

    In the next post we'll cover the previous story using other, more practical, examples.